The readings considered here present five focuses of warfare in Islamic texts and remarks on the Ottoman Empire in particular. This prompts two questions, one regarding the role of these focuses in Ottoman warfare, and the other regarding the uniqueness of this warfare versus its embeddedness in Islamic tradition. Both...

Technology has substantially changed how things are done in the world. For instance, the way communication is conducted has been considerably transformed. However, it is not only how people communicate has changed, but even the way war is conducted has also substantially changed. Currently, sophisticated technology is used in war....

Military conflicts are common for humanity. But no one ever considers the impact of military actions on the environment. The soil is the fundamental resource of humankind but its potential progressively reduced by human activities, including warfare. Besides multiple deaths and destruction of nature, warfare has a devastating effect on...

Cyber-warriors are individuals that engage in cyber-warfare for either of three reasons; religious beliefs, patriotism, and personal issues. Depending on their convictions and roles, they either defend or attack computer security systems. In the contemporary world where technology is part and parcel of the socio-economic and political systems of the...

Technology plays a key role in how the military wages war. Over the years, any change in technology led to a change on how nations conducted war between themselves. Traditionally, any change in technology affected not only the manner in which the military conducted warfare, but it also affected the...