One of the most significant health challenges that has emerged in the 21st century is antimicrobial resistance (AMR) (Littmann & Viens, 2015). This problem is an increasing one, with evidence of significant resistance among anaerobic bacteria increasing globally (Schuetz, 2014). The primary cause of AMR is over-exposure to antibiotics and...

Barden (2004) presents an assessment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) changes that can result from successful antidepressant therapy. Barden asserts that evidence indicates incorrect action by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) system may have an important involvement in these HPA changes. The key mechanism for HPA activation is in hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone...

Until the eradication of smallpox in 1980, it was one of the most feared diseases of mankind. Although smallpox is very similar to pox viruses of other animals, it is targeted to humans and there is no animal known which can "store" the virus and infect people. This fact made...

Each day, millions of people across the world experience chronic, recurrent and acute pain. In most of the victims of the pain, neither pharmacological nor surgical interventions fail to stop the pain and suffering in most of the victims due to the physiological and physical influencing factors that trigger the...

Prior to the time when any prospective new medicine can be determined, researchers need to have a comprehensive understanding of the disease they are looking to cure, as well as the condition's underlying cause. They look at various factors such as: how any alterations in the genes have transpired, what...