The Thirteenth Amendment bars two different institutions of slavery and involuntary servitude which can be described as prohibiting systematic oppressions that strike intersections of human rights, civil rights, citizenship rights and labor rights. Bearing this in mind, large groups of workers of color who work in fields and homes of white whether as documented visitors or undocumented workers are protected from the deprivation of basic human rights, labor protection and other rights to participate in political process. Further describing is on how because of their race and their status as immigrants, undocumented workers and guest workers labor beneath the floor created for free labor in America ending up working in the same condition antebellum slaves worked. In addressing this the 13th Amendment provides a justification for expanding protection from deprivation of labor rights, civil rights and human rights.
How the 14th amendment affects education, housing, busing and affirmative action
The 14th amendment has provided a substantive due process with which it has served as vital tool in giving students due rights process whether gifted, extremely talented and even those who are of minority status and disabled. On matters of housing, application of the 14th amendment has emphasized on equal treatment of all people born or living in the United States. Regardless of skin color, the 14th amendment prohibits any states in denying anyone the fair chance of with issues of owning property.
The 14th amendment has majorly contributed to the fall of segregation laws. Still remaining virtually segregated because of neighborhood patterns, there has often been misconception that tactics like busing students to schools outside their neighborhood achieves racial balance in schools. Public schools enacting these practices establish racial segregation which majorly violates the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment. In response to this, the 14th amendment disapproves maintaining of such measures that take explicit account of student’s race.
The 14th amendment, through positive actions required to undo the extent of damage done through segregation can be defined as the source of affirmative action. Being a public policy, “narrowly tailored,” “no societal discrimination,” “equal protection personal” are all repetitiously actions echoed by the 14th amendment benefiting limited groups of minorities.
How the 15th amendment eventually led to the voting rights of 1966
Following the unprovoked attack by state troopers on peaceful marchers on March 7th 1965, Congress determined that the existing federal anti-discrimination laws were insufficient in efforts of elimination of discriminatory election practices. Borrowing from the 15th Amendment, President Johnson signed legislation into law which substituted discriminatory practices and procedures proved unconstitutional. Provisions of the Act applied nationwide prohibition against the denial of the right to vote on basis of literacy tests. The abolishment of literacy tests to disenfranchise voters led to voting rights in 1966 not characterized by discriminatory racial impacts as states were forced to abolish the rule having provided that literacy test fall impact on illiterate whites as well.
