Gastric acid secretion and production is directly subjective to histamine. The secretion of the chemical occurs in the oxyntic (gastric) glands (Chris, 2014). The cells that are responsible for the secretion of the acid are known as enterochromaffin-like cells abbreviated as ECL. The nervous systems and the endocrine system advance the stimulation of the ECL and then the production of the acid occurs. Through the endocrine system, gastrin hormone is produced in the stomach in the presence of proteins. Gastrin initiates the production of Gastric acid by the ECL cells (Chris, 2014). The role of the nervous system is played through Acetylcholine that is produced by vagus nerve that initiates the process of stimulating the secretion of HCL.

The HCL acid secretion occurs in three phases, cephalic, gastric and intestinal phases. An external sense of food that may include smell, taste or sight sends a signal to the brain, hypothalamus, which in turn sends impulses via vagus nerve. The process leads to the secretion of gastric acid. In the gastric phase, the food in the stomach initiates the production of gastrin that stimulates the secretion of gastric acid (Chris, 2014). In the intestinal phase, the presence of food initiates the mucosa in the duodenum to initiate the production of gastrin that in turn influence the production of gastric acid. Gastric acid secretion is inhibited through the use of hormones and nerve reflexes (Chris, 2014).

The Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a medical condition characterized with the backflow of the contents of the stomach to the esophagus. The action can lead to an irritation on esophagus and also lead to the emergence of other symptoms (NIH, 2014). The backflow of food may be caused because of the dysfunction of the esophageal sphincter adjacent to the stomach. Some of the contents that flow back include the acids of the stomach that cause an irritation on the walls of the esophagus (NIH, 2014).

Some of the factors that predispose the victims to the condition include excessive drinking of alcohol, Hiatal hernia, pregnancy, obesity, smoking and scleroderma. There are various treatment strategies that can be advanced in order to reduce the impact of the symptoms. However, one of the treatment and management strategies includes the change of lifestyle and ultimately behavior. Smoking and heavy drinking are likely to increase the symptoms (NIH, 2014). Therefore, it is good for the victims to avoid these habits. The victims should also take the prescribed drugs appropriately and seek expert attention in case there are further complications.

The Peptic Ulcer Disease describes the formation of ulcers or sores in the stomach lining or on the duodenum. The imbalance of the digestive fluids in the duodenum and the stomach are some of the factors that accelerate the symptoms of ulcers (WebMD, 2014). Some of the most common causes of the sores that lead to the formation of the ulcers include bacterial infections, use of some drugs that lead to the inflammation of the walls of the duodenum and stomach and the production of excess digestive acids in the digestive system. The most common manifestation of ulcers include bloating, irritation, heartburn, vomiting, bleeding and weight loss (WebMD, 2014).

There are various factors that predispose the victims to the attack of ulcers. These include people who are prone to bacterial attacks, old age, family history and alcohol drinking. Infections in the kidney, liver and lungs can also lead to the generation of the ulcers. Physical examination of the symptoms can be used in the diagnosis of the medical condition (WebMD, 2014). Several tests can be taken before confirming the presence of the ulcers. Endoscopy is also another possible test to the presence of the medical condition. There are numerous medications that can be used to treat the conditions and also reduce the symptoms. The diagnosis and medication may be inhibits by behavior increase the intensity of the symptoms like excessive drinking and boycott of medications (WebMD, 2014).

Gastritis is a medical condition that is characterized with massive inflammation of the stomach’s protective lining. Acute gastritis can lead to severe and sudden inflammation. On the other hand, chronic gastritis can lead to long-term inflammation that can run over the years. If the condition is untreated for extended periods, it can lead to ulcers that can cause massive bleeding. The most common causes of gastritis include bacterial infection in the stomach that leads to the inflammation (George, 2012). Intake of contaminated food and water is likely to increase the chances of infection of the medical condition. Excessive use of anti-inflammatory drugs like NSAIDs. Other factors that can also contribute to an increase in the level of infection by the medical condition includes the use of cocaine and alcohol (George, 2012).

Some of the common symptoms of the medical condition include nausea, vomiting and indigestion. The diagnosis of the condition by doctors includes evaluation and assessment of the physical characteristics and the medical history of an individual. Endoscopy can also be performed on the victim in order to ascertain the level of inflammation (George, 2012). X-rays can also be conducted together with barium that is ingested to determine the level of infection. There are various medications that can be administered in order to treat the medical condition. Some of the remedies depend on the cause of the infection. In order to increase the success of the action of the medicines, the patients should use them according to the instructions of the experts and avoid behaviors that can accelerate the symptoms (George, 2012).