The juvenile justice system in the United States evolved as growing knowledge about human development, and advances in the fields of psychiatry and psychology made it clear that children and adolescents were not simply smaller versions of adults, but qualitatively different both physically and psychologically. The image of the child,...

There is no actual date to determine when gangs started or location to figure out where they began, but according to history the first active gangs were reported to have been around since the 17th century, highway robbers in England. (James C. Howell, 2010) Even though these gangs weren’t the...

Among the many issues creating conflict in the U.S. today, hate crime policies and the ideologies behind them remain sources of intense debate. Supporters tend to hold that the designation more directly addresses justice and strikes at the core causes of much violent crime, while others argue that it is...

There are many theories about why people commit crimes. There are biological theories, psychological theories, and sociological theories. Early biological theories were discredited for various reasons but modern biological theories based upon advanced knowledge about how the nervous system works, cognitive development, and the way these things cause a person...

1. Legal rules by themselves are not sufficient to guide police actions in regards to searches and seizures, because people have a right to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures. The concept of “due cause” is pertinent here, because police are not...