The National Aviation Plan outlines the policy, responsibilities and procedures of Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). BIA runs programs that administer social services, management of natural resources, and economic development among others. The National Aviation office (NAO) serves under the BIA. It is responsible for aviation policy, aviation program management and acquisition of aircraft. The BIA has an elaborate hiring policy where individuals must meet all the required qualifications and they must possess high professional skills and integrity among other skills (BIA, 2016).

NAO employs different personnel including National Aviation Manager, Aviation safety and training manager, Inter- regional Aviation manager among many other personnel. Each individual is assigned elaborate roles. The BIA hiring policy helps the implementation of the National Aviation Plan. NAO is well structured; they operate under strict rules and delivering quality service. The administration has the Contracting Officers Technical Representatives (COTR) to monitor aviation services and contract performance. Any contract should be requested to the Region Aviation manager.

The NAO ensures that they monitor the use of funds to avoid misuse. For example: Awarding of funds for contracts is authorized by appropriate regional officers and forwarded to NAO prior awarding .Aircraft mode of transport is also only recommended when it’s the cheapest mode available (BIA, 2016). BIA ensures that NAO personnel are careful. For example, No flight should take off without formal approval. They also prefer an aerial visit of the site to familiarize them before landing. In case an issue arises, its resolutions should be accomplished by a chain of command established by BIA.BIA trains its personnel; the Supervisory Personnel are trained on Aviation safety, policy and risk management.

There is also an operation policy in place. Flight planning accommodates the missions’ policy which must be approved by the bureau director. Flight following specifies what should be taken in case an aircraft goes missing. It is the pilot’s responsibility.

Indians live adjacent to forests in the United States. With their high population, fire incidences are on the rise. There has to be an elaborate firefighting strategy to help stop wildfires. Federal and State governments have developed good working relationships with the natives to curb the fires. During fire outbreaks, communication and information sharing are important. The natives have been living in the area for a long time and they have adequate knowledge of the curbing fire. They have among them well-trained and highly capable fire management personnel.

One of the problems experienced during fire management is to assume that all tribes have the same culture, believes or language. The Indian tribes are different and it is important to understand them. For example the Salish belief that fire is a blessing, gift from the creator and the center of their traditional ways of life. They believe that when fire is used appropriately it leads to richness. According to them, people should adapt rather than fighting fires caused by lightning. It is therefore important to understand and develop trust with them (White. G, McDowell. P, (2009).

Fire management organizations find themselves in a situation of paying too much attention to the tribes’ cultural differences and forget to focus on individuals. Dealing with individuals is different because each person possesses different personality (White. G, McDowell. P, (2009). It is also equip oneself with different approaches of dealing with the different tribes. There are cases where one approach may work with one tribe and fail to work with another.

Different strategies, however, can make fire management easier. They include:
Understanding that different tribes speak different languages. Some speak English others speak their native languages. To ensure communication, a translator will be of much use.
Listening skills is important. Be keen on communication and take time to listen to the other party. Keep in mind also that different words have different meaning to different tribes.
Interaction with the natives gives one a better understanding about them. Learning their cultures, talking to their leaders and even reading book that have been documented about them will be much helpful
Fire management have to understand that different governing systems exists and appreciate their cultural leadership
Fire managers need to maintain decent dressing and respect to the elders. Elders are the informal authority and going against them can be disastrous. It is good to have their approval.
Take every chance to work with the various tribes as an opportunity to develop oneself.
Be open to the alternative views on fire issues. The views may differ from one tribe to the other.

Decision making refers to opting for a choice from one or two alternatives in order to achieve a specific goal or outcome. One is caught up with the need to make a decision when uncertain, dealing with complex situations, a compromising situation or when different people are involved each with a different perspective. There are steps that should be followed in decision making and they include; understanding the situation that requires decision making, identifying the available options, evaluating the consequences, prioritizing options and taking action (Jones, 2000).

Decision making paralysis is a situation where an individual cannot make a decision due to over-analysis or availability of too much data or information. Too much data increases the confidence on the less accurate decision. Decision making paralysis has the following consequences:
It slows down the decision making progress.
Reduces the effectiveness of the decision.
Leads to missed opportunities
Brings the feeling of failure.