The characterization of excessive or compulsive behaviors as non-substance addictions is a current controversy in psychological research. During the development of the DSM-5, workgroups were assigned to determine if any behavioral “addictions” could be listed with comparable criteria to substance addictions. Only one, gambling disorder, was considered to have sufficient...

The foundation of science and experiments are questions. We wonder about how something is created or changes when we do something to it and the questioning process begins. In science these types of questions can transform into what is known as a hypothesis. This paper describes what are hypotheses and...

Opioid addiction is very difficult to treat successfully or permanently (Park & Friedmann, 1997). The use of opioid replacement therapy or partial opioid treatment to prevent relapse in persons in treatment for opioid addiction or opioid withdrawal has proven successful in many cases (Vo, Robbins, Westwood, Lezama, & Fishman, 2016)....

Often, celebrities involve themselves in drug and substance abuse for various reasons known to them. In the past years, high numbers of celebrities have been plagued with substance abuse challenges, with terrible outcomes (Lathan, 2017). Many have lost their lives while a few have survived after realizing the impact the drugs...

In 2008, Charlie Sheen was the highest paid actor on television (People Magazine, 2016). His career in movies was already strong having starred in major motion pictures such as Platoon, Wall Street, and Major League. At the time, he was the star of the hit comedy Two and a Half...